Ap Art History 250 Form Function Content Context Quizlet

Context

• legend says that the church was built on the site of a Druidic temple--whether or not this is true, we do know that it was built on the site of a Roman temple
• long history of use as a Christian space: used for Christian worship since  around 200 CE
• by 1000 CE there was a substantial church in the site
• Chartres has always been associated with the worship of the Virgin Mary
• 9th century: the church building received a relic* from Constantinople: the tunic of Mary (or the Sancta Camisia)
• this relic made the church a hugely popular pilgrimage site (which also fabricated the church very rich)
• the Romanesque church building on the original site burned downwards in 1194--but the tunic was establish three days later, unharmed!
• the people of the boondocks took this as a divine message that they should rebuild the church and then that it would be equally one thousand and beautiful as possible, deserving to be the worship identify of Mary
• work on the reconstruction of the cathedral started around 1220

Form

• the formal plan of the Church is a Latin cantankerous with 3 aisles, a short transept, and an ambulatory
• the high nave is supported by double flying buttresses
• 3 part elevation of nave arcade, triforium, and clerestory
• the absence of a gallery, which would take usually been present as a 4-part elevation, was a conscious option made by the architect in order to increment the corporeality of infinite for stained glass windows
• uses pointed arches and ribbed vaults within the body of the church, which is very typically Gothic
• everything was meant to move the eye upward
• the radiating chapels, which in a Romanesque church would take been separate spaces of their own behind the altar, were integrated into the larger expanse of the church, which allowed for light to permeate all parts of the church
• Gothic unified space
• based on a cruciform basilica plan, with a transept intersecting the nave existence added subsequently the burn down
• transept provided an extra entrance/exit, which was adept for the catamenia of people
• in total, Chartres has nine portals (aka doors)
• the nave is the widest in France and is 121 feet high

Content

• everything about the church was chosen by architects in the effort to create "heaven on Earth"
• one of the best examples of Gothic cathedrals
• new focuses on more airy, open spaces; thinner walls, and geometry
• people used the perfect proportions of geometry to try to simulate and bring to mind the residuum, harmony, and dazzler of the globe that God had created
• part of the sometime Romanesque cathedral remains intact on the west-facing facade--it is like shooting fish in a barrel to tell which role because the walls are much thicker, with small windows, and is organized co-ordinate to the golden ratio
• jamb figures
• the relief figures that are carved into either side of the portals/doorways
• kings and queens of the Old Attestation
• each is attached to a column
• carved in Gothic style
• representations of spiritual beings--not naturalistic in whatever way
• they seem to levitate, with no real weight to their bodies
• stretched out vertically
• their drapery obscures their bodies
• meant to represent gatekeepers: they "spotter" the people in a kindly and calm manner as they enter the church building, reminding people of the e'er-nowadays optics of God
• huge Gothic accent on stained glass
• large windows were made possible past the employ of flying buttresses, which supported the weight of the walls and allowed them to be much thinner and taller
• flying buttresses took the outward thrust of heavy ceilings and directed information technology out and downwardly; allowing for the structural design of the church building to exist taken out of the church itself
• "floating planes of low-cal"
• were meant to make people feel completely surrounded by low-cal; inundated by the spiritual presence
• light was seen as a divine symbol because it was cute and immaterial, so people saw it as the closest matter that they could get to the divine realm
• light entered the stained glass windows and cast colored patterns on the walls and pews of the church building; moving during the day co-ordinate to the movement of the sun
• vivid, rich colors used in the glass
• big rose window in the north transept
• bordered on the bottom by boosted lancet windows that form almost an entire wall of stained glass
• the rose window images correspond with the structural plan found surrounding the portals of the church; in the center is he Virgin Mary with her son, Jesus, and then higher up her iv thrones with angels and the Kings of Judea, who were Mary's ancestors, and finally several small-scale prophets surrounding the rest of the program and the lancets below her
• shows how God foretold all of the events of Christianity from the outset: it was his divine plan to have a son born on Globe to Mary who would keep to save mankind from their sin
• north transept portal has intricate jamb figures
• some are from pre-fire and some are from mail service-burn, and so in that location is a marked difference in the Romanesque v. Gothic sculptural manner
• relief archivolt sculptures protrude many feet from the side of the church, almost forming their own chapel
• Romanesque:
• shows God speaking the Word, and so the Word condign material (ie Genesis, with the creation of water/world, Adam/Eve, etc.)--all devoted to the time before Christ
• an emphasis on Mary, who is existence crowned in the tympanum
• additionally shows Mary as a babe, Mary property Jesus, and Mary ascending to heaven
• Gothic:
• much more elongated, proportional, with a larger intricacy of drapery and greater emotional expression
• Abraham, Isaac, Moses, Samuel, David, Isaiah... a bunch of different Old Testament prophets, who foresaw the coming of Christ
• how they relate to each other aids in their didactic purpose; for example, Abraham looks up to the angel that will cease him from slaying his son, Isaac
• the chancel screen (aka a screen separating the area around the altar from the larger nave) once sported an astrological clock that told the day of the week, the month of the twelvemonth, the time of sunrise and sunset, the stage of the moon and the electric current zodiac sign (unfortunately it was destroyed in the 18th century)

Function

• was a hugely pop pilgrimage site
• the dimensions of the church were constructed in order to facilitate the easy menses of large numbers of people
• aisles surrounding the nave and backside the altar meant that people could walk all the manner effectually the church, meet the relic, and exit, without ever having to walk in front end of the altar
• people in the Middle Ages embarked on pilgrimages in society to gain wellness, divine goodwill, or to ensure their identify in sky during the afterlife
• many components, such equally the guardian jamb-figures and the stories told in the stained glass, were constructed to aid in the pilgrims' journeying; the jamb figures reminded the pilgrims of the ever-nowadays merciful (still nonetheless judging) eyes of God and the angels, and the stories in the stained glass were didactic, telling scenes from the Old and New Testament--helpful, for many at the time were illiterate
• Chartres was a breakthrough for Gothic compages because information technology was the first cathedral in which the flying buttresses determined the overall exterior aesthetic plan of the edifice--previously, architects attempted to conceal or camouflage the flying buttresses into the larger walls of the cathedrals, past the flying buttresses of Chartres had to be and then extensive in order to support the extraordinarily tall nave that this just wasn't an option

*definition: a part of a deceased holy person'southward torso or belongings kept as an object of reverence; relics were believed to have special powers that could bestow divine goodwill, healing, or favor on those who visited them--hence the culture of pilgrimage, where people would travel great distances to visit the cathedrals that housed relics

KhKhan Academy

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/france/chartres-cathedral

http://chartrescathedral.net/

berryhatioubjece1995.blogspot.com

Source: https://sites.google.com/site/adairarthistory/iii-early-europe-and-colonial-americas/60-chartres-cathedral

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